"Esigabeni sokuqala, ngenxa yesimo esinzima nesiyinkimbinkimbi samazwe ngamazwe kanye nemisebenzi enzima yokuguqula, intuthuko kanye nokuzinzisa kwasekhaya, zonke izifunda kanye neminyango zisebenzise ngokujulile izinqumo nezinhlelo ezenziwe yiKomidi Eliphakathi le-CPC kanye noMkhandlu Kahulumeni, zalandela umgomo "wokuzinza njengesinyathelo sokuqala" kanye "nokufuna intuthuko phakathi kokuzinza", zasebenzisa umqondo omusha wentuthuko ngendlela ephelele, enembile nephelele, zasheshisa ukwakhiwa kwephethini entsha yentuthuko, zenza imizamo yokukhuthaza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu, zahlela kangcono izimo ezimbili zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, zahlanganisa kangcono ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo eziwumshayabhuqe kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho neyezenhlalo, intuthuko kanye nokuvikeleka okuhlanganisiwe okungcono, futhi zagqamisa ukubaluleka kokuzinzisa nokuqinisa umnotho. Ukuhlanganisa kangcono ukuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho kanye neyezenhlalo, ukuhlanganisa kangcono intuthuko kanye nokuvikeleka, kanye nokugqamisa umsebenzi wokuzinzisa ukukhula, ukuqashwa kanye namanani; ukuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane kuye kwenza ushintsho olusheshayo nolubushelelezi, ukukhiqizwa kanye nesidingo kuye kwaqina futhi kwabuya, ukuqashwa kanye namanani kuye kwaba okuzinzile ngokuvamile, imali engenayo yabantu iqhubekile nokukhula, okulindelwe emakethe kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu, futhi umnotho uqale kahle ukusebenza kwawo." UFu Linghui, okhulumela i-National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) kanye nomqondisi woMnyango Wezibalo Eziphelele Zomnotho Kazwelonke, usho kanje engqungqutheleni yabezindaba mayelana nokusebenza komnotho kazwelonke kwikota yokuqala ebibanjwe yiHhovisi Lolwazi LoMkhandlu Kahulumeni ngomhlaka-18 Ephreli.
Ngo-Ephreli 18, iHhovisi Lolwazi LoMkhandlu Kahulumeni labamba ingqungquthela nabezindaba eBeijing, lapho uFu Linghui, okhulumela i-National Bureau of Statistics kanye nomqondisi woMnyango Wezibalo Zomnotho Kazwelonke Eziphelele, wethula ukusebenza komnotho kazwelonke kwikota yokuqala ka-2023 futhi waphendula imibuzo evela kwabezindaba.
Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa ukuthi i-GDP yekota yokuqala yayingu-284,997,000,000 yuan, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-4.5% ngamanani angaguquki, kanye nokwenyuka kwe-ringgit okungu-2.2% ngaphezu kwekota yesine yonyaka odlule. Ngokuphathelene nezimboni, inani elengeziwe lemboni eyinhloko lalingu-RMB 11575 billion, okwenyuka ngo-3.7% unyaka nonyaka; inani elengeziwe lemboni yesibili lalingu-RMB 10794.7 billion, okwenyuka ngo-3.3%; kanti inani elengeziwe lemboni ephakeme lalingu-RMB 165475 billion, okwenyuka ngo-5.4%.
Ikota yokuqala yezimboni ikhula njalo
"Ikota yokuqala yezimboni ithole ukukhula okuzinzile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ngokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane ushintsho olusheshayo noluzinzile, izinqubomgomo zokukhula okuzinzile ziyaqhubeka nokukhombisa imiphumela, isidingo semakethe siyafudumala, uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngezinsimbi zezimboni ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuselelwa komkhiqizo wezimboni lubone izinguquko eziningana ezinhle." UFu Linghui uthe kwikota yokuqala, inani lezimboni likazwelonke elingezwe ngaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe likhuphuke ngo-3.0% unyaka nonyaka, lasheshiswa ngamaphesenti angu-0.3 uma kuqhathaniswa nekota yesine yonyaka odlule. Ezigabeni ezintathu ezinkulu, inani elengeziwe lemboni yezimayini likhule ngo-3.2%, imboni yokukhiqiza ikhule ngo-2.9%, kanti ugesi, ukushisa, igesi namanzi kanye nomkhakha wokuhlinzeka ukhule ngo-3.3%. Inani elengeziwe lemboni yokukhiqiza imishini likhule ngo-4.3%, lasheshiswa ngamaphesenti angu-2.5 kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari. Kunezici ezilandelayo ikakhulukazi:
Okokuqala, izimboni eziningi zigcine ukukhula. Kwikota yokuqala, kwemikhakha emikhulu yezimboni engu-41, imikhakha engu-23 igcine ukukhula konyaka nonyaka, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingaphezu kuka-50%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekota yesine yonyaka odlule, izinga lokukhula elingeziwe lezimboni ezingu-20 liphinde lakhula.
Okwesibili, imboni yokukhiqiza imishini idlala indima esobala yokusekela. Njengoba umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zaseShayina uqina, amandla kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza imishini liyathuthukiswa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kugcina ukukhula okusheshayo. Kwikota yokuqala, inani elengeziwe lemboni yokukhiqiza imishini likhule ngo-4.3% unyaka nonyaka, amaphuzu angu-1.3% aphezulu kunemboni ehleliwe, futhi umnikelo wayo ekukhuleni kwezimboni ezingaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe ufinyelele ku-42.5%. Phakathi kwazo, imishini kagesi, izitimela kanye nemikhumbi kanye neminye imboni inani elengeziwe likhuphuke ngo-15.1%, 9.3%.
Okwesithathu, umkhakha wokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ukhule ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngokululama okuqhubekayo komnotho, ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokutshalwa kwezimali kuqinise umfutho wemboni yezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi ukukhiqizwa okuhlobene nakho kuqhubeke nokukhula okusheshayo. Kwikota yokuqala, inani elengeziwe lokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa likhuphuke ngo-4.7% unyaka nonyaka, amaphuzu angu-1.7% aphezulu kunemboni esemthethweni. Phakathi kwazo, imboni yokuncibilikisa insimbi yensimbi kanye nemboni yokuncibilikisa insimbi engeyona insimbi ikhule ngo-5.9% kanye no-6.9% ngokulandelana. Ngokombono womkhiqizo, kwikota yokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engeyona insimbi eyishumi kukhuphuke ngo-5.8%, 9%.
Okwesine, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi amancane namakhulu kuthuthukile. Kwikota yokuqala, inani elongeziwe lamabhizinisi amancane namakhulu ngaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe likhule ngo-3.1% unyaka nonyaka, ngokushesha kunezinga lokukhula lawo wonke amabhizinisi ezimboni angaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe. Inhlolovo yemibuzo ikhombisa ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane namakhulu ngaphansi komthetho we-Prosperity Index kunakwikota yesine yonyaka odlule, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-1.7, ukukhiqizwa kanye nezimo zebhizinisi zamabhizinisi amahle kwaba ngamaphesenti angu-1.2.
"Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulindelwe yibhizinisi ngokuvamile kuhle, i-PMI yemboni yokukhiqiza ibilokhu isezingeni elilindelekile izinyanga ezintathu zilandelana, imikhiqizo eluhlaza njengezimoto ezintsha zamandla namaseli elanga igcine ukukhula okuphindwe kabili, kanti ukuguqulwa kokulima kwezimboni kuqhubekile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi sibone ukuthi isimo samazwe ngamazwe sisalokhu siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sinzima, kukhona ukungaqiniseki ekukhuleni kwesidingo sangaphandle, imikhawulo yesidingo semakethe yasekhaya isekhona, intengo yemikhiqizo yezimboni isalokhu yehla, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi kubhekene nobunzima obukhulu." UFu Linghui uthe esigabeni esilandelayo, kufanele sisebenzise izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuzinzisa ukukhula, sigxile ekwandiseni isidingo sasekhaya, sijulise ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa, siguqule futhi sithuthukise ngamandla izimboni zendabuko, sihlakulele futhi sikhulise izimboni ezintsha, sikhuthaze izinga eliphakeme lokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo phakathi kokunikezwa nesidingo, futhi sikhuthaze intuthuko enempilo yemboni.
Ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kweShayina kuyaqina futhi kuyashintshashintsha
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe muva nje yi-General Administration of Customs, maqondana namadola aseMelika, inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngoMashi lenyuke ngo-14.8% unyaka nonyaka, kanti izinga lokukhula lisheshiswe ngamaphesenti angu-21.6 uma kuqhathaniswa nelikaJanuwari-Febhuwari, okwaba yinto enhle okokuqala kusukela ngo-Okthoba ngonyaka odlule; ukungeniswa kwempahla kwehle ngo-1.4% unyaka nonyaka, kanti izinga lokwehla lehle ngamaphesenti angu-8.8 uma kuqhathaniswa nelikaJanuwari-Febhuwari, kanti insalela yokuhweba etholakale ngoMashi yayingu-88.19 billion USD. Ukusebenza kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngoMashi bekungcono kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe, kuyilapho ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe bekubuthakathaka kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe. Ingabe lokhu kuqhubeka kahle?
"Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eShayina kuqhubekile nokukhula ngokusekelwe esisekelweni esiphezulu sonyaka odlule, okuyinto engelula. Kwikota yokuqala, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla likhule ngo-4.8% unyaka nonyaka, okwathi ukuthunyelwa kwazo kukhule ngo-8.4%, kugcina ukukhula okusheshayo. Akulula ukufeza ukukhula okunjalo lapho umnotho womhlaba wehla futhi ukungaqiniseki kwangaphandle kuphezulu." kusho uFu Linghui.
UFu Linghui uthe esigabeni esilandelayo, ukukhula kweChina kokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kubhekene nengcindezi ethile, okubonakala kakhulu kulokhu okulandelayo: Okokuqala, ukukhula komnotho womhlaba kubuthakathaka. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo se-International Monetary Fund, umnotho womhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ngo-2.8% ngo-2023, okuphansi kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula lonyaka odlule. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sakamuva se-WTO, inani lokuhweba ngezimpahla zomhlaba wonke lizokhula ngo-1.7% ngo-2023, okuphansi kakhulu kunonyaka odlule. Okwesibili, kunokungaqiniseki okukhulu kwangaphandle. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amazinga okwehla kwamandla emali e-United States naseYurophu abe phezulu kakhulu, izinqubomgomo zezimali ziqiniswe njalo, futhi ukuvezwa kwamuva kwezinkinga zemali kwamanye amabhange e-United States naseYurophu kuye kwabhebhethekisa ukungazinzi kwemisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingozi zezwe zisekhona, futhi ukwanda kobunye kanye nokuvikela kuye kwabhebhethekisa ukungazinzi kanye nokungaqiniseki ekuhwebeni komhlaba kanye nakwezomnotho.
"Naphezu kwezingcindezi nezinselele, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe eShayina kubonakala ngokuqina okuqinile kanye namandla, futhi ngomsebenzi wezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, izwe kulindeleke ukuthi lifeze umgomo wokukhuthaza ukuzinza nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi unyaka wonke." Ngokusho kukaFu Linghui, okokuqala, uhlelo lwezimboni lwaseShayina luphelele futhi amandla alo okuhlinzeka ngemakethe aqinile, ngakho-ke liyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko emakethe yezidingo zakwamanye amazwe. Okwesibili, iShayina iphikelela ekwandiseni ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuvulela umhlaba wangaphandle, iqhubeka nokwandisa isikhala sokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Kwikota yokuqala, ukungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eShayina emazweni aseduze "neBelt and Road" kukhuphuke ngo-16.8%, kanti lokho kwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP kukhuphuke ngo-7.3%, lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-20.2%.
Okwesithathu, ukukhula kwamandla amasha ashukumisayo ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe eShayina kuye kwabonisa kancane kancane indima yayo ekusekeleni ukukhula kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Muva nje, i-General Administration of Customs nayo ikhulume kulesi simemezelo ukuthi kwikota yokuqala, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezimoto zabagibeli zikagesi, amabhethri e-lithium namabhethri elanga kukhule ngo-66.9%, kanti ukukhula kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe nakho bekushesha kakhulu.
"Ngokombono obanzi, isigaba esilandelayo sokuzinzisa izinqubomgomo zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe sizoqhubeka nokukhombisa imiphumela, okuyinto ehambisana nokufezwa kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe unyaka wonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomgomo." kusho uFu Linghui.
Ukukhula komnotho kwaminyaka yonke kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule kancane kancane
"Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, umnotho waseShayina uwonke ubulokhu usimama, izinkomba ezinkulu zizinzile futhi ziphinde zibuye, amandla abanikazi bamabhizinisi ayanda, kanye nokulindelwe kwemakethe kuthuthuka kakhulu, kubeka isisekelo esingcono sokufeza imigomo yentuthuko elindelwe yonyaka wonke." kusho uFu Linghui.
Ngokusho kukaFu Linghui, kusukela esigabeni esilandelayo, amandla angokwemvelo okukhula komnotho waseShayina ayanda kancane kancane, futhi izinqubomgomo ezinkulu zisebenza kahle, ngakho-ke ukusebenza komnotho kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthuke ngokuphelele. Uma sibheka ukuthi inani eliyisisekelo lekota yesibili yonyaka odlule laliphansi ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane, izinga lokukhula komnotho kwikota yesibili yalo nyaka lingase lisheshe kakhulu kunalelo lekota yokuqala. Kwikota yesithathu neyesine, njengoba inani eliyisisekelo likhuphuka, izinga lokukhula lizokwehla kusukela kwelekota yesibili. Uma inani eliyisisekelo lingacatshangelwa, ukukhula komnotho konyaka wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kubonise ukukhuphuka kancane kancane. Izici eziyinhloko ezisekelayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
Okokuqala, umphumela wokudonsa wokusetshenziswa uyanda kancane kancane. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukusetshenziswa kuye kwanda ngokusobala, futhi umfutho wako ekukhuleni komnotho uye wanda. Izinga lomnikelo wokusetshenziswa kokugcina ekukhuleni komnotho liphakeme kunelonyaka odlule; ngokuthuthuka kwesimo sokuqashwa, ukukhuthazwa kwezinqubomgomo zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokwanda kwenani lezimo zokusetshenziswa, umthamo wokusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi kanye nokuzimisela kokusebenzisa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sandisa ngenkuthalo ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nemishini yasekhaya eluhlaza nehlakaniphile, sikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kokusetshenziswa ku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, sakha izinhlobo nezindlela ezintsha zokusetshenziswa, futhi sisheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi nokwanda kwemakethe yasemakhaya, konke okusiza ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komnotho.
Okwesibili, ukukhula okuzinzile kokutshalwa kwezimali kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, izifunda ezahlukene zikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kuqhubeke nokukhula okuzinzile. Kwikota yokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla engaguquki kukhule ngo-5.1%. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ngokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zendabuko, intuthuko entsha yezimboni ezintsha izoqhubeka, futhi ukwesekwa komnotho wangempela kuzokhula, okuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kokutshalwa kwezimali. Kwikota yokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wokukhiqiza kukhule ngo-7%, ngokushesha kunokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele. Phakathi kwazo, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizweni kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kukhule ngo-15.2%. Ukutshalwa kwezimali engqalasizinda kukhule ngesivinini esikhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, izifunda ezahlukene bezilokhu zikhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, futhi imiphumela ibonakala kancane kancane. Kwikota yokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali engqalasizinda kukhuphuke ngo-8.8% unyaka nonyaka, okukhulisa umfutho wentuthuko eqhubekayo.
Okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kulethe umfutho owengeziwe. I-China isebenzise ngokujulile isu lokuthuthukiswa eliqhutshwa yizinto ezintsha, yaqinisa amandla ayo esayensi nobuchwepheshe, futhi yakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamanethiwekhi e-5G, ulwazi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuvela kwezimboni ezintsha; inani elengeziwe lemboni yokukhiqiza imishini likhule ngo-4.3% kwikota yokuqala, futhi ukuqina kobuchwepheshe bale mboni kuye kwanda kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane lokuguqulwa kwamandla okuluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi liye lashesha, isidingo semikhiqizo emisha sandile, kanti izimboni zendabuko ziye zanda ekongiweni kwamandla, ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuguqulwa, kanti nomphumela wokushayela nawo uthuthukisiwe. Kwikota yokuqala, umkhiqizo wezimoto ezintsha zamandla namaseli elanga agcine ukukhula okusheshayo. Intuthuko ephezulu, ehlakaniphile neluhlaza yezimboni izofaka umfutho omusha ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wase-China.
Okwesine, izinqubomgomo zomnotho omkhulu ziqhubekile nokukhombisa imiphumela. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, zonke izifunda kanye neminyango zilandele umoya weNgqungquthela Yomsebenzi Wezomnotho Ephakathi kanye nombiko womsebenzi kaHulumeni wokusebenzisa uhlelo, futhi inqubomgomo yezimali enhle iqinisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenqubomgomo yezimali ehlakaniphile inembile futhi inamandla, igcizelela umsebenzi wokukhula okuqhubekayo, ukuqashwa okuzinzile kanye namanani azinzile, futhi umphumela wenqubomgomo ubulokhu ubonakala, futhi ukusebenza komnotho kwikota yokuqala kuye kwazinza futhi kwabuya.
"Esigabeni esilandelayo, ngezinqumo nezinhlelo zeKomidi Eliphakathi Leqembu kanye neMkhandlu Wezwe zokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imininingwane, umphumela wenqubomgomo uzobonakala kakhulu, umfutho wentuthuko yezomnotho yaseShayina uzoqhubeka nokuqina, futhi ukhuthaze ukusebenza komnotho kokubuyiselwa kokuhle." kusho uFu Linghui.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-23-2023
