Umvubukuliiwumshini wokwakha umhlabathi onezinjongo eziningi owenza kakhulu ukumba nokulayisha umhlabathi, kanye nokulinganisa umhlabathi, ukulungisa imithambeka, ukukhuphula, ukuchoboza, ukudiliza, ukufaka imisele neminye imisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo efana nemigwaqo emikhulu kanye nezitimela, ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, izikhumulo zezindiza, amachweba kanye nokwakhiwa kokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke indlela yokukhetha umgubhu ofanela iphrojekthi yakho nokukhetha umgubhuthi wekhwalithi ephezulu ingahlulelwa ngezici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile.
1. Isisindo sokusebenza:
Enye yezimiso ezintathu eziyinhloko zomgubhi, ibhekisela esisindweni esiphelele somgubhi onemishini yokusebenza ejwayelekile, umshayeli kanye nophethiloli ogcwele. Isisindo sokusebenza sinquma izinga lomgubhi futhi sinquma nomkhawulo ophezulu wamandla okumba omgubhi.
2. Amandla enjini:
Enye yezimiso ezintathu eziyinhloko zomgubhi, ihlukaniswe ngamandla amakhulu kanye namandla aphelele, okunquma ukusebenza kwamandla komgubhi.
(1) Amandla aphelele (SAE J1995) abhekisela emandleni okukhipha alinganiswa ku-flywheel yenjini ngaphandle kwezesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla njengezi-muffler, amafeni, ama-alternator kanye nezihlungi zomoya. (2) Amandla aphelele: 1) abhekisela emandleni okukhipha alinganiswa ku-flywheel yenjini lapho zonke izesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla njenge-muffler, ifeni, ijeneretha kanye nesihlungi somoya zifakiwe. 2) abhekisela emandleni okukhipha alinganiswa ku-flywheel yenjini lapho izesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwenjini, ngokuvamile amafeni, zifakiwe.
3. Umthamo webhakede:
Enye yezimiso ezintathu eziyinhloko zomshini wokumba, ibhekisela kumthamo wezinto ezingasetshenziswa yibhakede. Umshini wokumba ungafakwa amabhakede anobukhulu obuhlukene ngokuya ngobuningi bezinto. Ukukhetha kahle umthamo wamabhakede kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Umthamo wamabhakede uvame ukuhlukaniswa ngomthamo wamabhakede agcwele kanye nomthamo wamabhakede ayisicaba. Umthamo wamabhakede ajwayelekile asetshenziswayo alinganisiwe wabagubhi yimthamo wamabhakede agcwele. Umthamo wamabhakede agcwele unezinhlobo ezimbili ngokwe-engeli yemvelo yokuphumula: umthamo wamabhakede agcwele ongu-1:1 kanye nomthamo wamabhakede agcwele ongu-1:2.
4. Amandla okumba
Kufaka phakathi amandla okumba engalweni yokumba kanye namandla okumba ebhakedeni. Amandla amabili okumba anamandla ahlukene. Amandla okumba engalweni yokumba avela esilinda yengalo yokumba, kanti amandla okumba ebhakedeni avela esilinda yebhakedeni.
Ngokusho kwamaphuzu ahlukene esenzo samandla okumba, izindlela zokubala nokulinganisa zomgubhi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:
(1) Izinga le-ISO: Indawo yokusebenza isemaphethelweni ebhentshi.
(2) I-SAE, i-PCSA, i-GB ejwayelekile: Iphuzu lesenzo lisesiqongweni sezinyo lebhakede.
5. Uhla lokusebenza
Kubhekisele endaweni engaphakathi yomugqa oxhumanisa amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu lapho isihloko sezinyo lebhakede singafinyelelwa khona lapho umgubhi ungajikelezi. Abagubhi bavame ukusebenzisa ihluzo ukuveza ngokucacile ububanzi bokusebenza. Ububanzi bokusebenza bomgubhi buvame ukuvezwa ngamapharamitha anjengerediyasi yokumba ephezulu, ukujula kokumba okuphezulu, kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu kokumba.
6. Usayizi wezokuthutha
Kubhekiselwa ezilinganisweni zangaphandle zomgubhi esimweni sokuthutha. Isimo sokuthutha ngokuvamile sibhekisela kumgubhi opakwe endaweni eyisicaba, izindiza eziphakathi ezinde zemizimba ephezulu nengaphansi zihambisana, isilinda sebhakede kanye nesilinda sengalo yokumba zeluliwe ubude obude kakhulu, i-boom yehliswa kuze kube yilapho idivayisi esebenzayo ithinta umhlabathi, futhi zonke izingxenye ezivulekayo zisesimweni sokuvalwa komgubhi.
7. Isivinini sokushefa kanye ne-torque yokushefa
(1) Ijubane lokushefa libhekisela esivinini esiphezulu esimaphakathi esingafinyelelwa yi-excavator uma ijikeleza kahle lapho ilayishwa. Ijubane lokushefa eliphawuliwe alibhekiseli esivinini sokushefa ngesikhathi sokuqala noma sokubhuleka. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokumba, lapho i-excavator isebenza ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-0° no-180°, injini yokushefa iyasheshisa futhi yehle. Uma ijikeleza ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-270° no-360°, isivinini sokushefa sifinyelela ekuzinzeni.
(2) I-Slewing torque ibhekisela ku-torque ephezulu kakhulu engakhiqizwa uhlelo lokushefa lwe-excavator. Ubukhulu be-torque yokushefa bunquma ikhono lomseshi lokusheshisa nokubhuleka i-slewing, futhi luyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokulinganisa ukusebenza kwe-slewing ye-excavator.
8. Isivinini sokuhamba kanye nokubambelela
Kwabavubukuli abakhasa phansi, isikhathi sokuhamba sibalelwa cishe ku-10% wesikhathi sokusebenza sonke. Ngokuvamile, abavubukuli banegiya lokuhamba ezimbili: isivinini esiphezulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi. Isivinini esiphindwe kabili singahlangabezana kahle nokusebenza komvubukuli ekukhuphukeni nasekuhambeni komhlabathi oyisicaba.
(1) Amandla okudonsa abhekisela emandleni okudonsa avundlile akhiqizwa lapho umgodi uhamba emhlabathini ovundlile. Izici eziyinhloko ezithonyayo zifaka phakathi ukufuduka kwegiya lesivinini esiphansi kwenjini yokuhamba, ingcindezi yokusebenza, ububanzi bephimbo lesondo lokushayela, isisindo somshini, njll. Abavubukuli ngokuvamile banamandla amakhulu okudonsa, ngokuvamile aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-0.7 kuya ku-0.85 kunesisindo somshini.
(2) Isivinini sokuhamba sibhekisela esivinini esikhulu sokuhamba somgubhi lapho uhamba endaweni ejwayelekile. Isivinini sokuhamba sama-crawler hydraulic excavators ngokuvamile asidluli ku-6km/h. Ama-crawler hydraulic excavators awafaneleki ukuhamba ibanga elide. Isivinini sokuhamba kanye namandla okubamba abonisa ukukwazi ukuhamba kanye nekhono lokuhamba lomgubhi.
9. Ikhono lokukhuphuka
Ikhono lokukhuphuka le-excavator libhekisela ekhonweni lokukhuphuka, ukwehla, noma ukuma endaweni eqinile, eyisicaba. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuliveza: i-engeli kanye nephesenti: (1) I-engeli yokukhuphuka i-θ ngokuvamile ingu-35°. (2) Ithebula lephesenti i-tanθ = b/a, ngokuvamile ingu-70%. Inkomba ye-microcomputer ngokuvamile ingu-30° noma u-58%.
10. Umthamo wokuphakamisa
Umthamo wokuphakamisa ubhekisela kumthamo wokuphakamisa ozinzile olinganiselwe kanye nomthamo wokuphakamisa we-hydraulic olinganiselwe.
(1) Umthamo wokuphakamisa ozinzile olinganiswe ngo-75% womthwalo wokugoqa.
(2) Umthamo wokuphakamisa we-hydraulic olinganiswe ngama-87% womthamo wokuphakamisa we-hydraulic.
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungenhla, unganquma ukuthi yimuphi umgodi wokugaya ongcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza zobunjiniyela kanye nemingcele yobuchwepheshe yemishini.
Abakhiqizi abaziwayo baseShayina bahlanganisaI-XCMG \I-SANY\I-ZOOMLION\LIUGONG \LONKING \ kanye nabanye abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe. Ungaxhumana nathi ngentengo engcono kakhulu!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-25-2024
