I-Excavatoriwumshini wokwakha i-earthwork enezinjongo eziningi owenza ngokuyinhloko ukumba nokulayishwa komhlaba, kanye nokulinganisa umhlaba, ukulungisa umthambeka, ukukhuphula, ukuchotshozwa, ukubhidliza, ukugawula imisele neminye imisebenzi. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswe kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo efana nemigwaqo emikhulu kanye nojantshi, ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, izikhumulo zezindiza, amachweba kanye nokwakhiwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani i-excavator evumelana nephrojekthi yakho bese ukhetha i-excavator yekhwalithi ephezulu ingahlulelwa kulezi zici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo.
1. Isisindo sokusebenza:
Enye yemingcele emithathu eyinhloko ye-excavator, ibhekisela esilinganisweni sesisindo se-excavator enamadivayisi ajwayelekile okusebenza, umshayeli kanye nophethiloli ogcwele. Isisindo sokusebenza sinquma izinga le-excavator futhi sinquma umkhawulo ophezulu wamandla okumba we-excavator.
2. Amandla enjini:
Enye yezinhlaka ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-excavator, ihlukaniswe ngamandla amakhulu namandla engqikithi, enquma ukusebenza kwamandla we-excavator.
(1) Amandla Aphelele (SAE J1995) abhekisele emandleni aphumayo akalwa ku-flywheel yenjini ngaphandle kwezesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla njengamamuffler, amafeni, ama-alternator nezihlungi zomoya. (2) Amandla e-net: 1) ibhekisela emandleni okukhiphayo akalwa ku-flywheel yenjini lapho zonke izesekeli ezisebenzisa amandla njenge-muffler, fan, generator nesihlungi somoya kufakwa. 2) isho amandla okukhiphayo akalwa ku-flywheel yenjini lapho izinsiza ezisebenzisa amandla ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwenjini, ngokuvamile abalandeli, zifakiwe.
3. Umthamo webhakede:
Enye yemingcele emithathu eyinhloko ye-excavator, ibhekisela kumthamo wezinto ibhakede elingalayisha. I-excavator ingafakwa amabhakede anosayizi abahlukene ngokuya ngobuningi bezinto. Ukukhetha okunengqondo komthamo webhakede kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Umthamo webhakede ngokuvamile uhlukaniswa ngomthamo wamabhakede anqwabelene kanye nomthamo webhakede eliyisicaba. Umthamo webhakede elilinganisiwe osetshenziswa kakhulu wezimbambi ungumthamo wamabhakede anqwabelene. Umthamo webhakede elinqwabelene unezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya nge-engeli yokuphumula yemvelo: umthamo webhakede elinqwabelene elingu-1:1 kanye nomthamo webhakede elinqwabelene elingu-1:2.
4. Amandla okumba
Kuhlanganisa amandla okumba engalo yokumba namandla okumba ebhakede. Amandla amabili okumba anamandla ahlukene. Amandla okumba wengalo yokumba avela kusilinda sengalo yokumba, kuyilapho amandla okumba ebhakede avela kusilinda sebhakede.
Ngokwamaphuzu ahlukene wesenzo samandla okumba, ukubala nezindlela zokulinganisa ze-excavator zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili:
(1) Izinga le-ISO: Iphoyinti lesenzo lisemaphethelweni ensingo yebhakede.
(2) I-SAE, PCSA, GB standard: Iphuzu lesenzo lisekupheleni kwezinyo lebhakede.
5. Ibanga lokusebenza
Isho indawo engaphakathi yomugqa oxhuma amaphoyinti wokuma ngokwedlulele lapho ichopho lezinyo lebhakede lingafinyelela khona lapho i-excavator ingazungezi. Ama-excavators ngokuvamile asebenzisa ihluzo ukuze aveze ngokucacile uhla lokusebenza. Ibanga lokusebenza le-excavator livamise ukuvezwa ngamapharamitha afana ne-radius yokumba ephezulu, ukujula okukhulu kokumba, nobude obukhulu bokumba.
6. Usayizi wezokuthutha
Isho izilinganiso zangaphandle ze-excavator esimweni sokuthutha. Isimo sezokuthutha ngokuvamile sibhekisela ku-excavator omiswe endaweni eyisicaba, izindiza ezimaphakathi ze-longitudinal zemizimba engaphezulu nephansi zihambisana nomunye nomunye, isilinda sebhakede kanye nesilinda sengalo yokumba zinwetshwa ubude obude kakhulu, i-boom yehliswa kuze kube yilapho isisetshenziswa esisebenzayo sithinta phansi, futhi zonke izingxenye ezivulekayo zisesimweni esivaliwe se-excavator.
7. Isivinini sokudubula kanye ne-torque
(1) Isivinini sokugwedla sisho isivinini esimaphakathi esiphezulu esingafinyelelwa umshini wokumba lapho uzungezisa ngokuzinzile lapho uthululwa. Ijubane elimakiwe lokugwaza alibhekiseli kujubane lokugwaza ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukubhuleka. Ngezimo ezijwayelekile zokumba, lapho umgodi usebenza ebangeni lika-0° ukuya ku-180°, i-slewing motor iyashesha futhi yehle. Uma izungeza ibange lika-270° ukuya ku-360°, ijubane lokuhlaba lifinyelela ukuzinza.
(2) I-torque yokugezela isho itorque ephezulu kakhulu engenziwa isistimu yokugenca yomembi. Usayizi we-torque yokugeba unquma ikhono lomembi lokusheshisa futhi abhule i-slewing, futhi iyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ukusebenza komshini wokumba.
8. Isivinini sokuhamba nokudonsa
Kuma-crawler excavators, isikhathi sokuhamba sithatha cishe u-10% wesikhathi sonke sokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, abembayo banamagiya okuhamba amabili: isivinini esikhulu nesivinini esiphansi. Isivinini esikabili singahlangabezana kahle nokukhuphuka kwe-excavator nokusebenza kokuhamba phansi okuyisicaba.
(1) Amandla okudonsa asho amandla okudonsa avundlile akhiqizwa lapho umgodi uhamba endaweni evundlile. Izici eziyinhloko ezithonyayo zihlanganisa ukususwa kwegiya elinesivinini esiphansi semoto yokuhamba, ingcindezi yokusebenza, ububanzi bokuphakama kwesondo ledrayivu, isisindo somshini, njll. Abavubukuli ngokuvamile banamandla amakhulu okudonsa, ngokuvamile okuyi-0.7 kuya ku-0.85 isisindo somshini.
(2) Isivinini sohambo sisho isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba sommbiwa lapho ehamba endaweni evamile. Isivinini sokuhamba se-crawler hydraulic excavators ngokuvamile asidluli ku-6km/h. I-Crawler hydraulic excavators ayifanele ukuhamba amabanga amade. Isivinini sokuhamba namandla okudonsa akhombisa ukuguquguquka nekhono lokuhamba le-excavator.
9. Ikhono lokukhuphuka
Ikhono lokukhuphuka le-excavator libhekisela ekhonweni lokukhuphuka, ukwehla, noma ukuma endaweni eqinile, emthambekeni oyisicaba. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuyiveza: i-engeli nephesenti: (1) I-engeli yokugibela θ ngokuvamile ingu-35°. (2) Ithebula lephesenti elithi tanθ = b/a, ngokuvamile lingu-70%. Inkomba ye-microcomputer ngokuvamile ingu-30° noma u-58%.
10. Amandla okuphakamisa
Umthamo wokuphakamisa ubhekisela kumthamo omncane olinganiselwe wokuphakamisa ozinzile kanye nomthamo olinganiselwe wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic.
(1) Ilinganiswe ngomthamo ozinzile wokuphakamisa u-75% womthwalo wokuthepha.
(2) Umthamo wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic olinganiselwe ngama-87% womthamo wokuphakamisa i-hydraulic.
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungenhla, unganquma ukuthi iyiphi i-excavator eyinketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza zobunjiniyela kanye nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe yemishini.
Abakhiqizi baseShayina abaziwayo bahlanganisaXCMG \SANY\I-ZOOMLION\LIUGONG \LONKING \ nabanye abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe. Ungaxhumana nathi ngentengo engcono kakhulu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2024
